Medicine and the Body in Medieval and Early Modern Europe I

這學期的任務很單純，除了繼續上法文課外，就是準備資格考。我要考三個領域：East Asian Medicine, Medicine and the Body in Medieval and Early Modern Europe, Late Imperial China。資格考試兩個鐘頭，口試，沒有筆試。大家都說，考試本身不是重點，重點是考前的準備。通常必須先跟口試的老師們修過課，考試前一個學期再選修個別的討論課，擬定書單，定期與老師見面，確保該讀的書、文章，還知道的東西都掌握了。很少人會在老師點頭說可以考之後，還未能通過口試的──雖然也不是沒有血淋淋的例子。而且考試現場的狀況似乎也五花八門，各種流言在學生之間口耳相傳著。我也不免時常感到焦躁。

負責東亞醫學史的栗山老師沒有著墨太多在書單上。開學第一次見面他只拋了兩個看似簡單的問題：1. 現在研究中有哪些特別受到注意的課題，又有哪些被忽略了？你要如何把現有的研究成果交給大學部的學生？2. 你會如何為中國（和日本）醫學史分期？我當場答的亂七八糟，所以就被給了兩個星期回家好好想想。

歐洲醫學史的老師Katy Park風格則不太一樣。她要我們擬定書單後，為每一本書或文章寫一個短的摘要，每兩個星期要交給她，再做討論。這實在是一個好的訓練，否則有時看完一篇文章，過一陣子內容也就忘了。在撰寫摘要的過程，往往也是重新把內容再想一遍，確認自己真的搞清楚內容了。有時我覺得應該隨時隨地都要這麼做，不過這事情也挺花時間的，一偷懶就無法持續了。

總之上星期剛有了第一次討論。這裡是書單。這領域的研究成果實在太豐富，能夠讀到的也只是其中一小部分，總覺得還有許多問題沒搞清楚。不過比起一年前修課的時候，好像進入狀況的多，尤其是中古醫學的部分，一年前真的感覺是囫圇吞棗，現在才慢慢搞清楚許多作者們到底在說些什麼。

Approaches to the History of the Body

1. Marcel Mauss, “Techniques of the Body,” Economy and Society 2.1 (1973): 95-123. 
2. Michel Foucault, Discipline and Punish: The Birth of the Prison,  trans. Alan Sheridan (New York: Pantheon, 1977), ch. 1.
3. Roy Porter, “The History of the Body,” in Peter Burke, ed., New Perspectives on Historical Writing (University Park PA: Pensylvania State University Press, 1991), 206-32. 
4. Caroline Bynum, "Why All the Fuss about the Body? A Medievalist's Perspective," Critical Inquiry 22.1 (1995): 1-33.
5. Shigehisa Kuriyama, The Expressiveness of the Body and the Divergence of Greek and Chinese Medicine (New York: Zone Books, 1999).

Approaches to the History of Medicine

1. Roy Porter, “The Patient’s View: Doing Medical History from Below,” Theory and Society, 14(1985): 175-98.
2. Andrew Cunningham, “Identifying Disease in the Past: Cutting the Gordian Knot,” Asclepio 54 (2002): 13-34. 

Medieval Medicine: General Surveys

1. Nancy G. Siraisi, Medieval and Early Renaissance Medicine: An Introduction to Knowledge and Practice (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1990).
2. Katharine Park, “Medicine and Society in Medieval Europe, 500-1500,” in History of Medicine in Society, ed. Andrew Wear (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1992), 59-90.  

What’s New in Early Modern Medicine

1. Harold Cook, “Medicine,” in Katharine Park and Lorraine Daston, eds. The Cambridge History of Science, vol. 3: Early Modern Science (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2006), 208-34. 
2. Anna Foa, “The New and the Old: The Spread of Syphilis (1494-1530),” trans. Carole C. Gallucci, in Sex and Gender in Historical Perspective, ed. Edward Muir and Guido Ruggiero (Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1990), 26-45. 

Histories of The Plague

1. Ann Carmichael, Medicine and the Plague in Renaissance Florence (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1985), ch. 2. 
2. Ann G. Carmichael, “Universal and Particular: The Language of Plague, 1348–1500,” Medical History Supplement 27(2008): 17-52. 
3. Giulia Calvi, Histories of a Plague Year: The Social and the Imaginary in Baroque Florence, trans. Dario Biocca and Bryant T. Ragan, Jr. (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1989).

The Patient’s Experience

1. Sharon Farmer, “Down and Out and Female in Thirteenth-Century Paris,” American Historical Review 103 (1998), 345-72. 
2. Esther Cohen, “The Animated Pain of the Body,” American Historical Review 105 (2000): 36-68.
3. Carole Rawcliffe, Leprosy in Medieval England (Woodbridge: Boydell Press, 2006)

Aging

1. Luke Demaitre, "The Care and Extension of Old Age in Medieval Medicine," in Michael M. Sheehan, ed., Aging and the Aged in Medieval Europe (Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, 1990), 3-22.  
2. Nitecki, Alicia. “Figures of Old Age in Fourteenth Century Literature,” in Michael M. Sheehan, ed., Aging and the Aged in Medieval Europe (Toronto: Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies, 1990), 107-116.